Assessing nitrous oxide effect using electroencephalographically-based depth of anesthesia measures cortical state and cortical input

Abstract

Existing electroencephalography (EEG) based depth of anesthesia monitors cannot reliably track sedative or anesthetic states during n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist based anesthesia with ketamine or nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Here, a physiologically-motivated depth of anesthesia monitoring algorithm based on autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) modeling and derivative measures of interest, Cortical State (CS) and Cortical Input (CI), is retrospectively applied in an exploratory manner to the NMDA receptor antagonist N 2 O, an adjuvant anesthetic gas used in clinical practice. Composite Cortical State (CCS) and Composite Cortical State distance (CCSd), two new modifications of CS, ..